Laboratory Electrical System
1. There are various types of laboratories and instruments and equipment inside the laboratory building. In addition to maintaining the specific environmental electricity consumption of the laboratory, the power supply system must also meet the special power requirements of various existing and future instruments. For instruments such as centrifuges, chromatography refrigerators, and low-temperature refrigerators with compressors, the current required for their motors to start is often several times the working current, which often affects the voltage fluctuation of the line at the moment of starting. If there are many high-power instruments connected to this line, it will cause the instruments to work abnormally; microelectronic instruments such as microbial electrical testers, spectrophotometers, and computers have relatively high requirements for power quality. The frequent start-up of high-power instruments will generate pulse voltages, which can easily damage components or cause reading fluctuations, data loss and other faults. Therefore, in the design of the power supply system for experimental buildings, in addition to reserving enough surplus electricity to meet the needs of future development, it is also necessary to provide an uninterrupted regulated power supply. Based on the uniqueness of the laboratory, the power supply system of the laboratory building has its own uniqueness in terms of power supply, lines, lighting, safety, etc. The power consumption of the experimental building is usually twice the existing power consumption.
2. Uninterrupted laboratory voltage stabilizer is an important part to ensure the stable operation of the instrument. In order to avoid the unstable power supply voltage or sudden power outage of the mains electricity and affect the operation of the laboratory, a backup power supply and voltage stabilizer are usually added. UPS power supplies are commonly used in laboratories and are divided into two categories. One is the ordinary UPS, which only plays the role of uninterrupted power supply but cannot stabilize the voltage; the other is the online UPS power supply, which can provide both uninterrupted power supply and voltage stability. Different power supplies can be selected according to the actual situation and instrument requirements.
3. Requirements for power distribution and lines in laboratories:
(1) In order to prevent these high-power instruments from interfering with each other during operation, a separate line is usually set up for high-power instruments. Microelectronic instruments and high-power electrical appliances cannot be connected to the same line.
(2) For precision instruments that require uninterrupted power supply, a voltage-stabilized UPS power supply should be provided; for laboratories that require uninterrupted power supply, such as culture rooms, biosafety laboratories, and animal breeding rooms, a double-insurance dedicated power supply must be used.
(3) Each laboratory is equipped with three-phase AC and single-phase AC. A main power control switch is set up near the door to facilitate wiring, control maintenance, and opening or cutting off the indoor power supply from the corridor. For equipment that needs to be operated after the experiment is stopped, it should be connected to the dedicated power supply line to avoid affecting the work due to cutting off the main power supply of the laboratory.
(4) A certain number of three-phase and single-phase power sockets are set up on the laboratory table. The power socket circuit is equipped with leakage protection devices. The socket should be set away from water basins and combustible gas.
(5) In places with humidity, corrosive gases, steam, fire hazards and explosion hazards, distribution equipment with corresponding protective performance should be selected.
(6) In chemical laboratories, due to the presence of corrosive gases, copper core wires are used for power distribution. Aluminum core wires can be used in physical laboratories.
(7) The grounding system of the laboratory can ensure personal safety and the normal operation of instruments. General types of grounding include safety protection grounding, anti-static grounding, DC grounding, lightning protection grounding, etc.
(8) When two or more power supplies with different voltages or frequencies are installed in the same scientific laboratory building (room), distribution protection devices should be installed separately and clearly distinguished or marked. When powered by the same distribution protection device, there should be good isolation. Lines of different voltages or frequencies should be laid separately and should not be laid in the same pipe. Power lines of the same equipment or experimental assembly line equipment and control circuits without anti-interference requirements are allowed to be laid in the same pipe.
(9) In high-rise or multi-story scientific laboratory buildings with many lines, vertical lines should be laid in pipe wells. Separate pipe wells should be set up for strong and weak current pipelines. When laid in the same pipe well, they should be laid on both sides of the pipeline.
(10) Specific relevant requirements also need to be based on the specific laboratory and the equipment requirements.
4. Laboratory lighting:
Fluorescent lamps are generally suitable for laboratory lighting equipment. They not only have a long service life, a large power supply area, high light efficiency, but also low heat generation. In analytical chemistry laboratories, when visually judging the color change end point of volumetric titration indicators, fluorescent lamps can be installed at the operation site; laboratories with strict electromagnetic interference requirements should not use gas discharge lamps; monochrome (red or yellow) lighting should be installed in darkrooms, electron microscope rooms, etc., and working status indicator lights should be installed at the entrance. Radioactive laboratories, infectious microorganism laboratories, and laboratories that operate carcinogens or poisons should use recessed clean lamps, electrical wires and pipes should be concealed, and light switches should be installed in outdoor corridors; sterile rooms need to install ultraviolet sterilization lamps, and their control switches should be located outside the door and separate from the control switches of general lighting fixtures; lamps with corresponding protective properties should be used in humid places, places with corrosive gases and steam, and places with fire and explosion hazards; evacuation indicator lights should be installed at safety exits, evacuation passages, etc., so that personnel to be evacuated can be evacuated quickly in the event of an emergency; lighting should be installed in the pipeline technical layer and powered by a separate branch or a dedicated distribution box (panel).
Experimental building illumination standard table
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